We propose an algorithm for ice fissure identification and detection using u-net network, which can realize the automatic detection of ice fissures of Typical Glaciers in Greenland ice sheet. Based on the data of sentinel-1 IW from July and August every year, in order to suppress the speckle noise of SAR image, the probabilistic patch based weights (ppb) algorithm is selected for filtering, and then the representative samples are selected and input into the u-net network for model training, and the ice cracks are predicted according to the trained model. Taking two typical glaciers in Greenland (Jakobshavn and Kangerdlussuaq) as examples, the average accuracy of classification results can reach 94.5%, of which the local accuracy of fissure area can reach 78.6%, and the recall rate is 89.4%.
LI Xinwu , LIANG Shuang , YANG Bojin , ZHAO Jingjing
We propose an algorithm for ice crack identification and detection using u-net network, which can realize the automatic detection of Antarctic ice cracks. Based on the data of sentinel-1 EW from January to February every year, in order to suppress the speckle noise of SAR image, the probabilistic patch based weights (ppb) algorithm is selected for filtering, and then representative samples are selected and input into the u-net network for model training, and the ice cracks are predicted according to the trained model. Taking five typical ice shelves（Amery、Fimbul、Nickerson、Shackleton、Thwaiters) in Antarctica as an example, the average accuracy of classification results can reach 94.5%, of which the local accuracy of fissure area can reach 78.6%, and the recall rate is 89.4%.
LI Xinwu , LIANG Shuang , YANG Bojin , ZHAO Jingjing
Global solar radiation and diffuse horizontal solar radiation at Dome C (Antarctica) are measured by radiation sensors (pyranometers CM22, Kipp & Zonen Inc., The Netherlands), and water vapor pressure (hPa) at the ground are obtained from the IPEV/PNRA Project “Routine Meteorological Observation at Station Concordia”, http://www.climantartide.it. This dataset includes hourly solar radiation and its absorbing and scattering losses caused by the absorbing and scattering atmospheric substances (MJ m-2, 200-3600 nm), and the albedos at the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The above solar radiations are calculated by using an empirical model of global solar radiation (Bai, J.; Zong, X.; Lanconelli, C.; Lupi, A.; Driemel, A.; Vitale, V.; Li, K.; Song, T. 2022. Long-Term Variations of Global Solar Radiation and Its Potential Effects at Dome C (Antarctica). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053084). The observed global solar radiation and meteorological parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935421. The data set can be used to study solar radiation and its attenuation at Dome C, Antarctica.
BAI Jianhui
Global solar radiation at Qomolangma station (The Tibetan Plateau) is measured by radiation sensor (pyranometers CM22, Kipp & Zonen Inc., The Netherlands), and water vapor pressure (hPa) at the ground is measured by HMP45C-GM (Vaisala Inc., Vantaa, Finland). This dataset includes hourly solar radiation and its absorbing and scattering losses caused by the absorbing and scattering atmospheric substances (MJ m-2, 200-3600 nm), and the albedos at the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The above solar radiations are calculated by using an empirical model of global solar radiation (Bai, J.; Zong, X.; Ma, Y.; Wang, B.; Zhao, C.; Yang, Y.; Guang, J.; Cong, Z.; Li, K.; Song, T. 2022. Long-Term Variations in Global Solar Radiation and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Substances at Qomolangma. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 8906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158906). The observed global solar radiation and meteorological variables are available at https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/b9ab35b2-81fb-4330-925f-4d9860ac47c3/. The data set can be used to study solar radiation and its attenuation at Qomolangma region.
BAI Jianhui
Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) refers to the percentage of the vertical projected area of vegetation to the total area of the study area. It is an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of ecological protection and ecological restoration. It is widely used in the fields of climate, ecology, soil erosion and so on. FVC is not only an ideal parameter to reflect the productivity of vegetation, but also can play a good role in evaluating topographic differences, climate change and regional ecological environment quality. This research work is mainly to post process two sets of glass FVC data, and give a more reliable vegetation coverage of the circumpolar Arctic Circle (north of 66 ° n) and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (north of 26 ° n to 39.85 °, east longitude 73.45 ° to 104.65 °) in 2013 and 2018 through data fusion, elimination of outliers and clipping.
YE Aizhong
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used for monitoring vegetation. This dataset employed all available Landsat 5/7/8 data on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) (> 100,000 scenes), and reconstructed high spatiotemporal NDVI time-series data (30-m and 8-d) during 2000-2020 on the TP (QTP-NDVI30) by using the MODIS-Landsat fusion algorithm (gap filling and Savitzky–Golay filtering；GF-SG). For the details of GF-SG, please refer to Chen et al. (2021). This dataset has been evaluated carefully. The quantitative assessments show that the reconstructed NDVI images have an average MAE value of 0.02, correlation coefficient of 0.96, and SSIM value of 0.94. We compared the reconstructed images in some typical areas with the PlanetScope 3-m images and found that the spatial details were well preserved by QTP-NDVI30. The geographic coordinate system of this dataset is GCS_WGS_84. The spatial range covers the vegetation area of the QTP, which is defined as the areas with average NDVI during July- September larger than 0.15.
CAO Ruyin , XU Zichao , CHEN Yang , SHEN Miaogen , CHEN Jin
The dataset of landuse types in Qilian Mountains National Park in 1985 is a vector dataset based on the remote sensing monitoring dataset of the current landuse situation in China by CAS, which is obtained through cropping and splicing operations. The data production production is vector data generated by manual visual interpretation using Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing images as the main data source. 3 datasets for 2000-2020 are raster datasets with 30m resolution based on GlobeLand30 global 30m ground cover data, obtained through mask extraction and other operations. The land use types of all datasets include 10 primary types of cropland, forest, shrubland, grassland, wetland, water, tundra, impervious surface, bareland, glacier, and permanent snow. The data products can detect most of the land cover changes caused by human activities, which is very important in practical applications. This data can be used to analyze the historical land use types in the Qilian Mountains region and to analyze the changes of land use types in the Qilian Mountains region in combination with the current landuse type data.
NIAN Yanyun
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) refers to the total amount of organic matter produced by photosynthesis in green plants per unit time and area. As the basis of water cycle, nutrient cycle and biodiversity change in terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is an important ecological indicator for estimating earth support capacity and evaluating sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems. This data set includes the monthly synthesis of 30m*30m surface LAI products in Qilian mountain area in 2021. Max value composition (MVC) method was used to synthesize monthly NPP products on the surface using the reflectivity data of Landsat 8 and sentinel 2 channels from Red and NIR channels.
WU Junjun , LI Yi, ZHONG Bo
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is defined as half of the total Leaf Area within the unit projected surface Area, and is one of the core parameters used to describe vegetation. LAI controls many biological and physical processes of vegetation, such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, carbon cycle and precipitation interception, and meanwhile provides quantitative information for the initial energy exchange on the surface of vegetation canopy. LAI is a very important parameter to study the structure and function of vegetation ecosystem. This data set includes the monthly synthesis of 30m LAI products in Qilian mountain area in 2021. Max value composition (MVC) method was used to synthesize monthly LAI products on the surface using the reflectivity data of Landsat 8 and sentinel 2 channels from Red and NIR channels.
WU Junjun , LI Yi, ZHONG Bo
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the sum of the reflectance values of the NIR band and the red band by the Difference ratio of the reflectance values of the NIR band and the red band. Vegetation index synthesis refers to the selection of the best representative of vegetation index within the appropriate synthesis cycle, and the synthesis of a vegetation index grid image with minimal influence on spatial resolution, atmospheric conditions, cloud conditions, observation geometry, and geometric accuracy and so on. This data set includes the monthly synthesis of 30m*30m surface vegetation index products in Qilian mountain area in 2021. Max value composition (MVC) method was used to synthesize monthly NDVI products on the surface using the reflectivity data of Landsat 8 and sentinel 2 channels from Red and NIR channels.
WU Junjun , LI Yi, ZHONG Bo
Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) is defined as the proportion of the vertical projection area of Vegetation canopy or leaf surface to the total Vegetation area, which is an important indicator to measure the status of Vegetation on the surface. In this dataset, vegetation coverage is an evaluation index reflecting vegetation coverage. 0% means that there is no vegetation in the surface pixel, that is, bare land. The higher the value, the greater the vegetation coverage in the region. This data set includes the monthly synthesis of 30m*30m surface vegetation index products in Qilian mountain area in 2021. Max value composition (MVC) method was used to synthesize monthly FVC products on the surface using the reflectivity data of Landsat 8 and sentinel 2 channels from Red and NIR channels.
WU Junjun , LI Yi, ZHONG Bo
The dataset includes three high-resolution DSM data as well as Orthophoto Maps of Kuqionggangri Glacier, which were measured in September 2020, June 2021 and September 2021. The dataset is generated using the image data taken by Dajiang Phantom 4 RTK UAV, and the products are generated through tilt photogrammetry technology. The spatial resolution of the data reaches 0.15 m. This dataset is a supplement to the current low-resolution open-source topographic data, and can reflect the surface morphological changes of Kuoqionggangri Glacier from 2020 to 2021. The dataset helps to accurately study the melting process of Kuoqionggangri Glacier under climate change.
LIU Jintao
This data set is the data set of human activities in key areas of Qilian Mountains in 2021, with a spatial resolution of 2m. This data set focuses on the monitoring of mining, urban expansion, cultivated land development, hydropower construction and tourism development in key areas of Qilian Mountains. Through high-resolution remote sensing images, the changes before and after statistics are compared. The map spots of land type change in Qilian mountain area were investigated and verified block by block; Reinterpret and verify the plots with suspicious mapping; For the land type that cannot be reflected by the image, verify the land type on the spot, collect relevant data, check and correct the position. At the same time, further check the attribute information of the monitoring content of key areas in the Qilian Mountains in 2021, input and edit the map spots and their attributes in a unified way, form a human activity data set in the Qilian Mountains in 2021, realize the current situation and timeliness of ecological governance in the Qilian Mountains, and provide data support for human activity monitoring in key areas in the Qilian Mountains.
QI Yuan , ZHANG Jinlong , ZHOU Shengming , YUAN Jing, WANG Hongwei
The dataset is the soil fertility data of Muli coal mine area on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2020. It is issued every five years, including five periods in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020; A total of 15 image data. The dataset covers a rectangular area (98.82 ° E-100.84 ° E, 37.5 ° N-38.25 ° N), defined by four vertexs of the southeast and northwest of Muli coal mine. The dataset is in grid format, with a spatial resolution of 30m, and the dataset format is GeoTIFF. The dataset takes the 30m surface albedo obtained by spatiotemporal fusion of GLDAS-2.1 albedo products and Landsat 5/8 albedo products, and the 30m surface temperature obtained by spatiotemporal fusion of GLDAS-2.1 surface temperature products and Landsat 5/8 surface temperature products as independent variables. Combined with the multiple regression model, the five-year dataset of total nitrogen（Unit: g / kg）, total phosphorus （Unit: g / kg）and total potassium （Unit: g / kg）in Muli coal mine area from 2000 to 2020 is regressed. The multiple regression model adopts the measured data of Huangshui River Basin stations in May 2018. On the premise that the independent variables are the albedo and surface temperature of Landsat 5/8, and the dependent variables are the total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total potassium observed in the field, the multiple regression model is established. These datasets fill the gap of high spatial resolution soil fertility dataset in Muli coal mine, and provide support for the study of temporal and spatial changes of soil fertility in Muli mining area.
CHEN Shaohui
In this study，a vegetation classification system for the vegetation types in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was designed. The integrated classification method，taken into account of multi-source vegetation classification / land cover classification products， was used to produce the actual vegetation map. This integrated classification method followed the principle of data consistency，and the resultant vegetation map was superior over other vegetation maps in terms of reflection of current situation， classification system， and classification accuracy. This vegetation map is timely and could better reflect current vegetation distribution than earlier ones. This vegetation map could be conducive to fully extract vegetation information from multi-source data products with high reliability and consistency. Compared with previous data products，the overall accuracy （78.09%，kappa coefficient is 0.75） of this new vegetation map was found to increase by 18.84%-37.17%，especially for grassland and shrub.
ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Cenliang, ZHU Wenquan
Hourly spatially complete land surface temperature (LST) products have a wide range of applications in many fields such as freeze-thaw state monitoring and summer high temperature heat wave monitoring. Although the LST retrieved from thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing observations has high accuracy, it is spatially incomplete due to the influence of cloud, which heavily limits the application of LST. LST simulated by land surface models (LSM) is with high temporal resolution and spatiotemporal continuity, while the spatial resolution is relatively coarse and the accuracy is poor. Therefore, fusing the remote sensing retrieved LST and the model simulated LST is an effective way to obtain seamless hourly LST. The authors proposed a fusion method to generate 0.02° hourly seamless LST over East Asia and produced the corresponding data set. This dataset is the 0.02 ° hourly seamless LST dataset over East Asia (2016-2021). Firstly, the iTES algorithm is employed to retrieve the Himawari-8/AHI LST. Secondly, the CLDAS LST is corrected to eliminate its system deviation. Finally, the multi-scale Kalman filter is employed to fuse Himawari-8/AHI LST and the bias-corrected CLDAS LST to generate 0.02 ° hourly seamless LST. The in situ verification results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the seamless LST is about 3k. The temporal resolution and spatial resolution of this dataset are 1 hour and 0.02°, respectively. The time period is 2016-2021 over (0-60°N, 80°E-140°E).
CHENG Jie, DONG Shengyue, SHI Jiancheng
The considerable amount of solid clastic material in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB)) is one of the important components in recording the uplift and denudation history of the Tibet Plateau. Different types of unconsolidated sediments directly reflect the differential transport of solid clastic material. Revealing its spatial distribution and total accumulation plays an important value in the uplift and denudation process of the Tibet Plateau. The dataset includes three subsets: the type and spatial distribution of unconsolidated sediments in theYTRB, the thickness spatial distribution, and the quantification of total deposition. Taking remote sensing interpretation and geological mapping as the main technical method, the classification and spatial distribution characteristics of unconsolidated sediments in the whole YTRB (16 composite sub-basins) were comprehensively clarified for the first time. Based on the field measurement of sediment thickness, the total accumulation was preliminarily estimated. A massive amount of sediment is an important material source of landslide, debris flow and flood disasters in the basin. Finding out its spatial distribution and total amount accumulation not only has theoretical significance for revealing the key information recorded in the process of sediment source to sink, such as surface environmental change, regional tectonic movement, climate change and biogeochemical cycle, but also has important application value for plateau ecological environment monitoring and protection, flooding disaster warning and prevention, major basic engineering construction, and soil and water conservation.
LIN Zhipeng, WANG Chengshan , HAN Zhongpeng, BAI Yalige, WANG Xinhang, ZHANG Jian, MA Xinduo, HU Taiyu, ZHANG Chenjin
This dataset contains daily land surface evapotranspiration products of 2021 in Qilian Mountain area. It has 0.01 degree spatial resolution. The dataset was produced based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) method by fusing six satellite-derived evapotranspiration products including RS-PM (Mu et al., 2011), SW (Shuttleworth and Wallace., 1985), PT-JPL (Fisher et al., 2008), MS-PT (Yao et al., 2013), SEMI-PM (Wang et al., 2010a) and SIM (Wang et al.2008). The input variables for the evapotranspiration products include MODIS products, and MERRA meteorological data.
YAO Yunjun, LIU Shaomin, SHANG Ke
This dataset includes the maximum normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2015, the maximum enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from 2000 to 2020, and the land cover change (LUCC) data from 2001 to 2019 in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC). Among these, NDVI data was extracted from GIMMS satellite data with a resolution of 8 km; EVI and LUCC data were extracted from MODIS satellite data (MOD13A3 and MCD12C1) with a resolution of 1 km and 5 km, respectively. The dataset filters the outliers or missing values in the original data, which is of higher quality than the source data. Meanwhile, we adopted the maximum value composite (MVC) method to process NDVI and EVI data to obtain the annual maximum NDVI and EVI, which can better reflect the vegetation distribution and change in CMREC over the past several decades. The spatio-temporal changes of vegetation and land use extracted from satellite remote sensing data will provide scientifical guidance for the risk control and prevention of the ecological environment change in CMREC.
ZHANG Xueqin
ChinaSA is raster data with a geospatial extent of 72 - 142E, 16 - 56N, using an equal latitude and longitude projection and a spatial resolution of 0.005°. The dataset covers the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020 with a temporal resolution of 1 day. The data contains six elements: black sky albedo (Black_Sky_Albedo), white sky albedo (White_Sky_Albedo), solar zenith angle (Solar_Zenith_Angle), pixel-level cloud label (Cloud_Mask), pixel-level forest pixel (Forest_Mask) and pixel-level retrieval label (Abnormal_Mask). Black_Sky_Albedo records the black sky albedo calculated by retrieved, with as a calculation factor of 0.0001 and a data range of 0-10000. White_Sky_Albedo records the white sky albedo calculated by retrieved, with as a calculation factor of 0.0001 and a data range of 0-10000. Cloud_Mask records whether the pixel is cloud type, with a value of 0 indicating non-cloud and 1 indicating cloud. Forest_Mask records whether the pixel has been corrected as a forest type, with a value of 0 indicating that it has not been corrected and 1 indicating that it has been corrected. Abnormal_Mask records whether the retrieval of the black sky albedo and white sky albedo of the pixel is an anomaly of less than 0 or greater than 10000, with a value of 0 indicating a non-anomaly and 1 indicating an anomaly. ChinaSA was retrieved based on the MODIS land surface reflectance product MOD09GA, the snow cover product MOD10A1/MYD10A1 and the global digital elevation model SRTM. The snow albedo retrieval model was developed based on the ART model and produced using the GEE and local side interactions. To assess the retrieval quality of ChinaSA, the accuracy of the snow albedo product was verified using observations from in-situ meteorological stations and the sample observation validation method, and compared with the accuracy of four commonly used albedo products (GLASS, GlobAlbedo, MCD43A3 and SAD). The validation results show that ChinaSA outperforms the other products in all validations, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.12, and can achieve a RMSE of 0.021 in forest areas.
XIAO Pengfeng , HU Rui , ZHANG Zheng , QIN Shen
This dataset consists of four files including (1) Lake ice thickness of 16 large lakes measured by satellite altimeters for 1992-2019 (Altimetric LIT for 16 large lakes.xlsx); (2) Daily lake ice thickness and lake surface snow depth of 1,313 lakes with an area > 50 km2 in the Northern Hemisphere modeled by a one-dimensional remote sensing lake ice model for 2003-2018 (in NetCDF format); (3) Future lake ice thickness and surface snow depth for 2071-2099 modeled by the lake ice model with a modified ice growth module (table S1.xlsx); (4) A lookup table containing lake IDs, names, locations, and areas. This daily lake ice and snow thickness dataset could provide a benchmark for the estimation of global lake ice and snow mass, thereby improving our understanding of the ecological and economical significance of freshwater ice as well as its response to climate change.
LI Xingdong, LONG Di, HUANG Qi, ZHAO Fanyu
The North China Plain (NCP), with an area of ~140,000 square kilometers, is among the most important agricultural producing bases in China. In addition to canal irrigation with surface water from the Yellow River, the NCP also needs much groundwater for intensive irrigation. Spatiotemporally continuous and daily evapotranspiration (ET) estimates of high spatial resolution could be valuable for improving our understanding of agricultural water consumption across the NCP, and also for improving water use efficiency for better agricultural water resource management practices over similar regions globally. This ET data set at 1 km spatial resolution and daily timescale across the NCP from Jan 2008 to Dec 2019 was generated using two source energy balance model (TSEB) and data fusion. The accuracy is generally comparable and even higher than published results, with our ET data set featuring spatiotemporal continuity and high spatial resolution for a decade. Furthermore, this data set and associated approaches are valuable for performing daily, monthly, seasonal, interannual, and trend analyses of ET in the NCP and similar regions globally.
ZHANG Caijin , LONG Di
Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) known as Asia's water tower plays a critical role in regional water and energy cycles, largely affecting water availability for downstream countries. Rain gauges are indispensable in precipitation measurement, but are quite limited in the TP that features complex terrain and the harsh environment. Satellite and reanalysis precipitation products can provide complementary information for ground-based measurements, particularly over large poorly gauged areas. Here we optimally merged gauge, satellite, and reanalysis data by determining weights of various data sources using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and environmental variables including elevation, surface pressure, and wind speed. A Multi-Source Precipitation (MSP) data set was generated at a daily timescale and a spatial resolution of 0.1° across the TP for the 1998‒2017 period. The correlation coefficient (CC) of daily precipitation between the MSP and gauge observations was highest (0.74) and the root mean squared error was the second lowest compared with four other satellite products, indicating the quality of the MSP and the effectiveness of the data merging approach. We further evaluated the hydrological utility of different precipitation products using a distributed hydrological model for the poorly gauged headwaters of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the TP. The MSP achieved the best Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (over 0.8) and CC (over 0.9) for daily streamflow simulations during 2004‒2014. In addition, the MSP performed best over the ungauged western TP based on multiple collocation evaluation. The merging method could be applicable to other data-scarce regions globally to provide high quality precipitation data for hydrological research. The latitude and longitude of the left bottom corner across the TP, the number of rows and columns, and grid cells information are all included in each ASCII file.
HONG Zhongkun , LONG Di
Aiming at the 179000 km2 area of the pan three rivers parallel flow area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, InSAR deformation observation is carried out through three kinds of SAR data: sentinel-1 lifting orbit and palsar-1 lifting orbit. According to the obtained InSAR deformation image, it is comprehensively interpreted in combination with geomorphic and optical image features. A total of 949 active landslides below 4000m above sea level were identified. It should be noted that due to the difference of observation angle, sensitivity and observation phase of different SAR data, there are some differences in the interpretation of the same landslide with different data. The scope and boundary of the landslide need to be corrected with the help of ground and optical images. The concept of landslide InSAR recognition scale is different from the traditional spatial resolution and mainly depends on the deformation intensity. Therefore, some landslides with small scale but prominent deformation characteristics and strong integrity compared with the background can also be interpreted (with SAR intensity map, topographic shadow map and optical remote sensing image as ground object reference). The minimum interpretation area can reach several pixels. For example, a highway slope landslide with only 4 pixels is interpreted with reference to the highway along the Nujiang River.
YAO Xin
Funded by the National Key R&D Program "Observation and Inversion of Key Parameters of Cryosphere and Polar Environmental Changes", "Multi-scale Observation and Data Product Development of Key Cryosphere Parameters", Changes and impacts of glaciers, snow cover and permafrost and how to deal with them (Grant NO.2019QZKK0201), and Pan-tertiary environmental change and the construction of green silk road (Grant NO.XDA20000000), the research group of Zhang Yinsheng, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed downscaled snow water equivalent products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The sub-pixel space-time decomposition algorithm was used to downscale the 0.05° daily snow depth data set (2000-2018) over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. And the snow depth depletion model was used to supplement the estimation of the snow depth value in the shallow snow area that cannot be detected by passive microwave remote sensing. Finally, based on the snow density grid data, the snow depth data is converted into snow water equivalent data.
YAN Dajiang, ZHANG Yinsheng
This data is a high-resolution soil freeze/thaw (F/T) dataset in the Qinghai Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) produced by fusing sentinel-1 SAR data, AMSR-2 microwave radiometer data, and MODIS LST products. Based on the newly proposed algorithm, this product provides the detection results of soil F/T state with a spatial resolution of 100 m on a monthly scale. Both meteorological stations and soil temperature stations were used for results evaluation. Based on the ground surface temperature data of four meteorological stations provided by the national meteorological network, the overall accuracy of soil F/T detection products achieved 84.63% and 77.09% for ascending and descending orbits, respectively. Based on the in-situ measured 5 cm soil temperature data near Naqu, the average overall accuracy of ascending and descending orbits are 78.58% and 76.66%. This high spatial resolution F/T product makes up traditional coarse resolution soil F/T products and provides the possibility of high-resolution soil F/T monitoring in the QTEC.
ZHOU Xin , LIU Xiuguo , ZHOU Junxiong , ZHANG Zhengjia , CHEN Qihao , XIE Qinghua
The image information data of Beichuan area in Sichuan Province, Ludian area in Yunnan Province and Bijie area in Guizhou Province can be used to construct the interpretation and identification marks of remote sensing images of mountain seismic crack and collapse, reveal the general form of mountain seismic crack and collapse, and evaluate the risk level of specific mountain seismic crack and collapse; The data can be combined with DEM data to mine the development mechanism of mountain seismic crack and collapse. On this basis, we can further study and improve the intelligent identification theory and formation mechanism of mountain seismic crack and collapse, so as to provide indicative significance for looking for the material source of other similar types of seismic crack and collapse. Some of the original data of the project can be used to fully understand the risk of earthquake cracking and collapse in Ludian area.
HAN Zheng
The dataset contains the continuous daily lake surface temperature of 160 Lakes (with an area of more than 40km2) in the Tibetan Plateau from 1978 to 2017. Firstly, an semi-physical lake model (air2water) based on energy balance was improved to realize the continuous simulation of lake surface temperature even during ice age. The impoved model was calibrated by lake surface temperature from MOD11A1 product. The correlation between the dataset and in-situ lake surface temperature of four lakes is higher than 0.9, and the root mean square errors are less than 2.5 ℃. The data set provides data support for understanding the water and heat balance , the process of aquatic ecosystem and its response to climate change of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau.
GUO Linan , WU Yanhong, ZHENG Hongxing , ZHANG Bing , WEN Mengxuan
The data set contains annual NPP-VIIRS night time light data images of equatorial northern Africa and the Sahel region from 2013 to 2020. Based on the monthly average night time light image data of visible infrared imaging radiometer Suite (VIIRS) of national polar orbiting partnership (NPP) satellite, this dataset is generated by separating the unstable night light caused by biomass combustion from the stable night light information caused by human activities. The spatial resolution of the data is 500 m, and the grid data type is GeoTIFF. The grid pixel value is radiance, and the unit is 10 − 9 w ∙ cm − 2 ∙ SR − 1. The data set improves the ability of noctilucent images to identify small-scale, scattered and unstable urban information in northern equatorial Africa and Sahel to a certain extent, and can be further applied to the research on human activities in northern equatorial Africa and Sahel.
YUAN Xiaotian , JIA Li , JIANG Min
This data is DOM data of daily debris flow in Jiuzhaigou; The Pegasus V10 UAV is equipped with RIEGL vux-1lr airborne lidar system. The coaxial optical image is processed by pix4d mapper, and the Orthophoto Image is made; The resolution of orthophoto map is 0.2m, and the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data and optical image data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, It provides theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, and further serves the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
This data is the DEM data of Rize debris flow gully in Jiuzhaigou. It is obtained by Pegasus V10 UAV equipped with RIEGL vux-1lr airborne lidar system. The DEM data generated after removing vegetation by airborne lidar technology can obtain the real surface morphology, which provides a new solution for the identification and calculation of debris flow sources; The data adopts terrasolid software developed by Finnish arttu soininen engineers. Through the formation of macro commands, the real surface point cloud data of the study area is obtained after point cloud denoising, filtering and classification, and then the classified ground points are used to build a high-precision digital elevation model; The average density of laser point cloud data obtained is better than 50 points / m2, the resolution of digital elevation model is 0.5m, the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, so as to provide theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, Further serve the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
This data is DOM data of Jiuzhaigou Xifan gully debris flow; The Pegasus V10 UAV is equipped with RIEGL vux-1lr airborne lidar system. The coaxial optical image is processed by pix4d mapper, and the Orthophoto Image is made; The resolution of orthophoto map is 0.2m, and the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data and optical image data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, It provides theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, and further serves the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
This data is the DEM data of Xifan gully debris flow in Jiuzhaigou. It is obtained by Pegasus V10 UAV equipped with RIEGL vux-1lr airborne lidar system. The DEM data generated after removing vegetation by airborne lidar technology can obtain the real surface morphology, which provides a new solution for the identification and calculation of debris flow sources; The data adopts terrasolid software developed by Finnish arttu soininen engineers. Through the formation of macro commands, the real surface point cloud data of the study area is obtained after point cloud denoising, filtering and classification, and then the classified ground points are used to build a high-precision digital elevation model; The average density of laser point cloud data obtained is better than 50 points / m2, the resolution of digital elevation model is 0.5m, the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, so as to provide theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, Further serve the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
This data is DOM data of debris flow in Jiuzhaigou and Gangou; The Pegasus V10 UAV is equipped with RIEGL vux-1lr airborne lidar system. The coaxial optical image is processed by pix4d mapper, and the Orthophoto Image is made; The resolution of orthophoto map is 0.2m, and the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data and optical image data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, It provides theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, and further serves the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
This data is the DEM data of debris flow in Jiuzhaigou and Gangou. The DEM data generated after removing vegetation by airborne lidar technology can obtain the real surface morphology, which provides a new solution for the identification and calculation of debris flow sources; The data adopts terrasolid software developed by Finnish arttu soininen engineers. Through the formation of macro commands, the real surface point cloud data of the study area is obtained after point cloud denoising, filtering and classification, and then the classified ground points are used to build a high-precision digital elevation model; The average density of laser point cloud data obtained is better than 50 points / m2, the resolution of digital elevation model is 0.5m, the coordinate system is CGCS2000 national coordinate system and 1985 National elevation datum; Carry out debris flow provenance identification and calculation based on airborne lidar data. According to the location of the provenance and the color and texture differences on the mountain shadow image, the provenance is divided into landslide provenance, slope provenance and gully provenance, and establish airborne lidar identification marks and remote sensing interpretation methods for various types of provenance, so as to provide theoretical reference and data support for the accurate calculation of debris flow provenance, Further serve the prevention and risk assessment of debris flow.
DONG Xiujun
The preparation of this data set is based on the proposed downscaling method of all-weather surface temperature data for the glacier area in Southeast Tibet. By analyzing the relationship between all-weather surface temperature and its spatio-temporal influence factor elevation, surface coverage type, vegetation index, snow cover index, surface reflectance and other data, a downscaling model of all-weather surface temperature is constructed, which increase the spatial resolution of all-weather surface temperature products from 1 km to 250 m. The validation results show that the RMSE of downscaling surface temperature at the site is about 2.25 K and 2.16 K in the daytime and at night, respectively, which is about 0.5 K higher than that of the original 1 km surface temperature product. The results of image quality index show that the downscaling surface temperature not only obtains a lot of detailed thermal information, but also maintains a high consistency with the original 1 km surface temperature in spatial pattern and amplitude. This data set has certain significance for high resolution all-weather surface temperature generation and disaster monitoring in glacier area of Southeast Tibet.
ZHOU Ji, HUANG Zhiming , ZHONG Hailing , TANG Wenbin
The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can accurately reflect the surface vegetation coverage. At present, NDVI time series data based on spot / vegetation and MODIS satellite remote sensing images have been widely used in the research of vegetation dynamic change monitoring, land use / cover change detection, macro vegetation cover classification and net primary productivity estimation in various scale regions. The spatial distribution data set of 1km vegetation index (NDVI) in Southeast Tibet is in MODIS（ https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/ ）Based on the 16 day 1km surface reflectance data (mod13), the monthly vegetation index data set since 2000 is generated by the maximum synthesis method. The data set effectively reflects the distribution and change of vegetation cover in Southeast Tibet on spatial and temporal scales. It has very important reference significance for the monitoring of vegetation change, the rational utilization of vegetation resources and other fields related to ecological environment. Monthly NDVI data is the maximum value of monthly NDVI data, and the data acquisition time is from February 2000 to December 2018. The downloaded data is in grid format with a spatial resolution of 1km.
WANG Hao
This data is the comprehensive monitoring data set of Nadi gully debris flow (2021) produced by automatic rainfall station, mud level monitor and line collision sensor. The above data collection points are nadigou debris flow monitoring points in Jiuzhaigou County scenic area, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The monitoring data are mainly analyzed by Sichuan Institute of land and space ecological restoration and geological disaster prevention and control. The instruments used include dd-zxcg-001 line collision sensor, dd-ylj-001 automatic rainfall station and dd-nwj-001 mud level monitor. The collection time is 2021.
ZHANG Qun
The data set is a sub data set of the comprehensive observation data set of cloud precipitation process, which is derived from the comprehensive investigation and test carried out in Liupanshan area during 2021. Liupanshan scientific research is carried out in Dawan station, Jingyuan station, Liupanshan station, Longde station, etc. Dawan station is mainly equipped with cfl-06 wind profile radar, ht101 cloud radar, mrr-2 micro rain radar, dsg5 raindrop spectrometer, three-dimensional anemometer, C12 laser cloud altimeter. Jingyuan station is mainly equipped with qfw-6000 microwave radiometer, hmb-kps cloud radar, dsg5 raindrop spectrometer Cl51 laser cloud altimeter. Liupanshan station is mainly equipped with ht101 cloud radar, mrr-2 micro rain radar, Ott laser raindrop spectrometer, cloud condensation nodule (CCN) counter, three-dimensional anemometer, FM120 droplet spectrometer and C12 laser cloud altimeter. Longde station is mainly equipped with rpg-hatpro-g4 microwave radiometer, cfl-06 wind profile radar, ht101 Cloud Radar, mrr-2 micro rain radar Ott laser raindrop spectrometer, C12 laser cloud altimeter. Meanwhile automatic weather station, iron tower (Shangpu), X-band all solid-state dual polarization Doppler Weather Radar (Pengyang County), gradient station and other observations were done. It can be used to study the impact of the eastward movement of the plateau system on the downstream, and to reveal the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer and free atmospheric exchange process on aerosols, clouds Fog and precipitation and their interaction.
FU Danhong
The vegetation type map was created by the random forest (RF) classification approach, based on 319 ground-truth samples, combined with a set of input variables derived from the visible, infrared, and thermal Landsat-8 images. According to vegetation characteristics, four types include alpine swamp meadow (ASM), alpine meadow (AM), alpine steppe (AS), and alpine desert (AD) were classified in this map. Based on a spatial resolution of 30 m, the map can provide more detailed vegetation information.
ZHOU Defu, ZOU Defu, ZOU Defu, Zhao Lin, ZHAO Lin, Liu Guangyue, LIU Guangyue, Du Erji, DU Erji, LI Zhibin , LI Zhibin, Wu Tonghua, WU Xiaodong, CHEN Jie CHEN Jie
The data set is a sub data set of the comprehensive observation data set of cloud precipitation process, which is derived from the comprehensive investigation and test carried out in Sanjiangyuan area during 2021. The scientific research of Sanjiangyuan mainly focuses on Advanced Air King aircraft observation. The airborne observation system includes aerosol, cloud particle spectrometer and imager observation. The observation elements include precipitation particle concentration and image of IP probe, cloud particle concentration and image of CIP probe, cloud and aerosol particle data of CAS probe and Hotwire_ LWC probe liquid water data, CAPS Summary aerosol, cloud and precipitation comprehensive data, AIMMS probe conventional meteorological elements, PCASP -100 probe aerosol particle data. Ground observation includes raindrop spectrometer, microwave radiometer and X-band radar. Raindrop spectrometer mainly observes equivalent volume diameter and particle falling speed. Microwave radiometer mainly observes temperature, humidity, water vapor and liquid water. And X-band radar mainly observes intensity, velocity and spectral width. It can provide data support for the study of the impact of westerly monsoon synergy on the cloud precipitation process of Sanjiang source.
FU Danhong
This data is the land cover data at 30m resolution of Southeast Asia in 2015. The data format of the data is NetCDF, and the variable name is "land cover type". The data was obtained by mosaicing and extracting the From-GLC data. Several land cover types, such as snow and ice that do not exist in Southeast Asia were eliminated.The legend were reintegrated to match the new data. The data provide information of 8 land cover types: cropland, forest, grassland, shrub, wetland, water, city and bare land. The overall accuracy of the data is 71% (Gong et al., 2019). The data can provide the land cover information of Southeast Asia for hydrological models and regional climate models.
LIU Junguo
This data set is a sub data set of the comprehensive observation data set of cloud precipitation process, which is derived from the comprehensive investigation test carried out on the South and north slopes of Qilian Mountains during 2020. The air observation is mainly conducted by the king aircraft in the air. The ground investigation includes automatic weather station, raindrop spectrometer, microwave radiometer, Cloud Radar, sounding second data, etc. The observation elements of automatic weather station include air temperature, air pressure, humidity Wind direction, wind speed, precipitation. The observation elements of raindrop spectrometer include particle spectrum, precipitation intensity, etc. The observation elements of microwave radiometer are atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. The observation elements of cloud Radar are mainly fixed-point vertical observation data. Meanwhile aerosol, rain, hail and soil samples are collected. It can provide data support for revealing the influence of westerly monsoon on cloud precipitation process and atmospheric water cycle in Qilian Mountains.
FU Danhong
This dataset contains 10 years (2010-2019) global daily surface soil moisture . The resolution is 36 km , the projection is EASE-Grid2, and the data unit is m3 / m3. This dataset adopts the soil moisture neural network retrieval algorithm developed by Yao et al. (2017，2021). This study transfers the merits of SMAP to FY-3B/MWRI through using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in which SMAP standard SSM products serve as training targets with FY-3B/MWRI brightness temperature (TB) as input. Finally, long term soil moisture data are output. The accuracy is about 5% volumetric water content，which is comparable with that of SMAP. (evaluation accuracy of 14 dense ground network globally.)
YAO Panpan, LU Hui, ZHAO Tianjie, WU Shengli , SHI Jiancheng
The change of urban built-up area reflects the development of the city, so the information extraction of the change process of built-up area is an important prerequisite for the study of urban development and regional economy. This data set contains the annual change information of the built-up area of key nodes from 1985 to 2018, with a resolution of 30m. Using the combined method of supervision classification and time consistency check, the three key nodes of Hambantota, Yangon and Dhaka are used as the study area to determine the change from the non-built-up area to the built-up area. Pixels in built-up areas are defined as more than 50% impervious. The year of transition (from non-built-up area to built-up area) can be identified from the pixel value, ranging from 34 (year: 1985) to 1 (year: 2018). For example, the built-up area in 1990 can be displayed with a pixel value greater than 29. After monotonous conversion from non-built-up area to built-up area, the data set is consistent in time.
LIU Linzhi, LING Feng
Remote sensing provides important technical means for large-scale surface monitoring. Thanks to the rich time series image data of Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI/TIRS and the high-performance Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, large-scale surface coverage mapping has become possible. This data uses the three key nodes of Yangon, Hambantota, and Dhaka as the research area. With the help of the Google Earth Engine platform, the existing multiple sets of global land cover products and Landsat satellite series images are combined with multiple data fusion and time series change detection. Using methods such as machine learning, we have developed a high-temporal-spatial-consistent dataset of annual land cover changes with a resolution of 30 m from 2000 to 2020.
LIU Linzhi, LING Feng
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is fundamental physiological variable driving the process of material and energy exchange, and is indispensable for researches in ecological and agricultural fields. In this study, we produced a 35-year (1984-2018) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global grided PAR dataset with an effective physical-based PAR model. The main inputs were cloud optical depth from the latest International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) H-series cloud products, the routine variables (water vapor, surface pressure and ozone) from the ERA5 reanalysis data, aerosol from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) products and albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product after 2000 and CLARRA-2 product before 2000. The grided PAR products were evaluated against surface observations measured at seven experimental stations of the SURFace RADiation budget network (SURFRAD), 42 experimental stations of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and 38 experimental stations of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). The instantaneous PAR was validated at the SURFRAD and NEON, and the mean bias errors (MBEs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 5.6 W m-2 and 44.3 W m-2, and 5.9 W m-2 and 45.5 W m-2, respectively, and correlation coefficients (R) are both 0.94 at 10 km scale. When averaged to 30 km, the errors were obviously reduced with RMSEs decreasing to 36.3 W m-2 and 36.3 W m-2 and R both increasing to 0.96. The daily PAR was validated at the SURFRAD, NEON and CERN, and the RMSEs were 13.2 W m-2, 13.1 W m-2 and 19.6 W m-2, respectively at 10 km scale. The RMSEs were slightly reduced to 11.2 W m-2, 11.6 W m-2, and 18.6 W m-2 when upscaled to 30 km. Comparison with the other well-known global satellite-based PAR product of the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) reveals that our PAR product was a more accurate dataset with higher resolution than the CRERS. Our grided PAR dataset would contribute to the ecological simulation and food yield assessment in the future.
TANG Wenjun
This data set is the spectral reflectance data of typical features in Ali during August to September in 2017, using ASD FieldSpec 4. The day of spectral data obtaining was sunny, we recorded the cloud condition during measuring. The white board was calibrated before measurement; The longitude and latitude coordinates are recorded by GPS. We measured the spectral reflectance data of different vegetation types and soil surrounding them. The DN value (.asd format) recorded by instrument can be read by ViewSpecPro, then converted into reflectance using EXCEL with the white board data. Spectral reflectance data is used to extract spectral characteristics of different vegetation types, vegetation classification, inversion of vegetation coverage and so on.
LIU Linshan, ZHANG Binghua
The gridded desertification risk data of The Arabian Peninsula in 2021 was calculated based on the environmentally sensitive area index (ESAI) methodology. The ESAI approach incorporates soil, vegetation, climate and management quality and is one of the most widely used approaches for monitoring desertification risk. Based on the ESAI framework, fourteen indicators were chosen to consider four quality domains. Each quality index was calculated from several indicator parameters. The value of each parameter was categorized into several classes, the thresholds of which were determined according to previous studies. Then, sensitivity scores between 1 (lowest sensitivity) and 2 (highest sensitivity) were assigned to each class based on the importance of the class’ role in land sensitivity to desertification and the relationships of each class to the onset of the desertification process or irreversible degradation. A more comprehensive description of how the indicators are related to desertification risk and scores is provided in the studies of Kosmas (Kosmas et al., 2013; Kosmas et al., 1999). The main indicator datasets were acquired from the Harmonized World Soil Database of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) land cover of the European Space Agency and NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The raster datasets of all parameters were resampled to 500m and temporally assembled to the yearly values. Despite the difficulty of validating a composite index, two indirect validations of desertification risk were conducted according to the spatial and temporal comparison of ESAI values, including a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and land use change between sparse vegetation and grasslands and a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and net primary production (NPP). The verification results indicated that the desertification risk data is reliable in the Arabian Peninsula in 2021.
XU Wenqiang
This data set is based on the remote sensing monitoring data set of landuse status in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the data of land use types of Qilian Mountain National Park in 1985 through cutting, splicing and other operations. Data production is the vector data generated by manual visual interpretation using Landsat TM / ETM Remote sensing images as the main data source. Landuse types include cropland, forest, shrub, grassland, wetland, water, tundra, impervious surface, bareland, glacier and permanent snow. We can analyze the historical landuse types in Qilian mountain area, and analyze the changes of land use types in Qilian mountain area combined with the current landuse type data.
NIAN Yanyun
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